Study of genetic parameters for agronomic traits affecting seed yield in some sesame (Sesamum indicum) genotypes

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Assistant Professor, College of Research Technology Institute of Plant Production, Afzalipour Research Institute, Shahid Bahonar University, Kerman, Iran

2 Professor, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran.

3 Department of Agriculture and Plant Breeding - Faculty of Agriculture - Isfahan University of Technology.

Abstract

Objective
This study was conducted to investigate genetic variation for more important agronomic traits and seed yield components of sesame, including days to maturity, plant height, shoot diameter, number of fruiting branches per plant, number of capsules per plant, number of seeds per capsule, 1000-seed weight, and seed yield per plant.
Materials and Methods
Twenty-eight sesame genotypes with diverse geographical origins were evaluated in a randomized complete block design with two replications under two humidity conditions —normal and water stress—, over two years at the Research Farm of Isfahan University of Technology. Two irrigation regimes were defined as a percentage of the maximum allowable depletion (MAD) of soil moisture. Analysis of variance was performed to assess the effect of genotype, irrigation regimes, years, and their interactions on the traits. Additionally, the phenotypic and genetic coefficient of variation, along with broad-sense heritability, were estimated for each trait.
Results
The phenotypic and genetic coefficients of variation revealed a high level of phenotypic and genetic variation for seed yield, number of seeds per plant, number of capsules per plant, and number of fruiting branches per plant. These results indicate the high genetic potential of the studied genotypes for genetic improvement of the traits. Conversely, the traits of days to maturity, plant height, capsule diameter, and 1000-seed weight exhibited lower genetic variation. The estimated broad-sense heritability indicated a higher contribution of genetic factors in controlling days to maturity, number of fruiting branches, and number of capsules per plant. Consequently, it appears that selection can effectively improve these traits and seed yield in breeding programs. The results identified that the genotypes Golpayegan 1 and Golpayegan 4 are promising candidates for mechanized harvesting under both humidity conditions. These genotypes exhibit desirable traits such as lower plant height and branching, as well as a higher shoot diameter. Furthermore, genotypes of Golpayegan 1, Varamin 2822, and Markazi 1 were recognized as high-yielding genotypes. These findings indicate that the studied genotypes have a high potential to be used in selection programs for improving seed yield and other agronomic traits in both soil moisture conditions.
Conclusion
The genotype Golpayegan 1 was identified as a high-yielding genotype with favorable characteristics for mechanized harvesting, making it suitable for integration into sesame breeding programs. Moreover, given the higher broad-sense heritability for number of capsules per plant and the number of fruiting branches per plant, these traits appear to be reliable indicators for indirect selection aimed at enhancing seed yield in sesame breeding programs.

Keywords

References

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Genetics and Plant Breeding
Volume 1, Issue 1
April 2024
Pages 43-66

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