Investigating seedling and mature plant development of Bunium Persicum for its domestication purposes

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Professor, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran.

2 PhD, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran.

Abstract

Objective: More appropriate exploitation of medicinal plants requires transfer of their germplasm from nature to agriculture through domestication. Black zireh or Kermani zireh (Bunium persicum) is used in food and pharmaceutical industries. Several studies reported its hard germination and seed dormancy. There are no published reports about its fruit development in field (farm) cultivation. The low germination and long live cycle have caused its the major harvesting from natural habitats.
Materials and methods: Black zireh seeds collected from Gavar (Kerman province) were cultivated in petri dish and perlite at 5-7℃. For studying development of flowers and fruits, as well as the beginning of domestication and adaptation, seeds were planted in the field of Sarduiyeh and Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman.
Results: Dormancy, lack of mature seeds and emptiness decrease germination percentage. Dormancy breaking and seed germination were optimized by cold treatment without any chemical treatment indicating morphophysiological dormancy. At 5-7℃, about 30-45 days after cultivation, the germination was ≥90%. Cotyledonary seedlings and rosette leaves developed in first and second years respectively. In the third year, about 20-30% of the plants formed compound umbel inflorescences and schizocarp fruits. All plants produced flowers and fruits in the fourth year. Underground (secretory) part formed in first year and subrinized during development.
Conclusion: Seed dormancy in Black zireh is morphophysiological and seed maturation play key role in germination. Flower and Fruits formed 3 years after plantation. The results showed the beginning of its successful domestication; hence suitable ecotypes selection and breeding programs are underway.

Keywords

References

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Genetics and Plant Breeding
Volume 1, Issue 1
April 2024
Pages 79-96

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