الگوی آنزیم‌های دفاعی در ژنوتیپ‌های گندم نان در واکنش به بیماری پاخوره گندم (Take-all disease) جدایه T-41

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه گیاه پزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ولی عصر (عج) رفسنجان، ایران

2 گروه ژنتیک و تولید گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ولی عصر (عج) رفسنجان، رفسنجان، ایران

3 گروه گیاه پزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ولی عصر (عج) رفسنجان، رفسنجان، ایران

چکیده

هدف: در بیماری‌های گیاهی، آنزیم نقش مهمی برای محدود نمودن توسعه پاتوژن‌های قارچی ایفا می‌کند. فعالیت آنزیم‌ها می‌تواند به‌عنوان مارکرهای بیوشیمیایی برای درجه مقاومت یا حساسیت استفاده شود. گایاکول پراکسیداز (GPX)، پلی‌فنل‌اکسیداز (PPO) و فنیل‌آلانین‌آمونیالیاز (PAL) از جمله آنزیم‌های مرتبط با دفاع گیاه در برابر پاتوژن‌ها هستند. گندم (Triticum aestivum) یکی از مهمترین محصولات غذایی در جهان است. بیماری‌های ریشه اثرات اقتصادی قابل توجهی بر تولید گندم دارند. بیماری پاخوره گندم که توسط قارچ نکروتروف Gaeumannomyces tritici ایجاد می‌شود، یکی از مخرب‌ترین بیماری‌های ریشه گندم در سراسر جهان است. بنابراین شناسایی واکنش دفاعی گندم در عکس‌العمل به بیماری پاخوره از طریق ارزیابی آنزیم‌های دفاعی ضروری می‌باشد.
مواد و روش‌ها: در این مطالعه 9 ژنوتیپ ژرم‌پلاسم گندم نان (مقاوم و حساس به بیماری پاخوره) انتخاب و در شرایط آلودگی و شاهد در گلخانه کاشته شدند. برای بررسی فعالیت آنزیم‌های دفاعی مانند GPX، PPO، PAL و محتوای فنل کل، نمونه برداری از گیاهان در روزهای 0، 7، 14 و 21 پس از تلقیح به عامل بیماری انجام شد.
نتایج: نتایج نشان داد، ژنوتیپ‌های حساس، سطح بالایی از محتوای فنل کل و ژنوتیپ‌های مقاوم سطح بالایی از آنزیم‌های PAL و GPX را داشتند. در ژنوتیپ‌های مقاوم، سطح هر سه آنزیم دفاعی بسته به شرایط و زمان بالا رفته و افزایش سطح همزمان هر سه آنزیم در این ژنوتیپ‌ها منجر به افزایش رشد رویشی و غلبه بر آلودگی و مقاومت به بیماری پاخوره گردید.
نتیجه‌گیری: در این بررسی آنزیم GPX نقش بسیار مهمی در دفاع علیه بیمارگر داشت. این آنزیم تنها فاکتوری می‌باشد که تا به حال با القای مقاومت در ارتباط بوده و افزایش فعالیت پراکسیداز با مقاومت سیستمیک و یا واکنش فوق حساسیت همراه می‌باشد. تغییرات آنزیم GPX در روزهای نمونه‌برداری در ژنوتیپ‌های مقاوم در پاسخ به آلودگی از الگوی زیگ‌زاگ تبعیت داشت.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

A pattern of defense enzymes in bread wheat genotypes in response to take-all disease isolate T-41

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mozhgan Gholizadeh Vazvani 1
  • Hossein Dashti 2
  • Roohallah Saberi Riseh 3
1 Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Iran
2 Department of Genetics and Plant Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan, Iran
3 Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan, Iran
چکیده [English]

Abstract
Objective
In plant diseases, enzymes play an important role in limiting the development of fungal disease. The activity of enzymes serves as a biochemical marker for the degree of resistance or sensitivity. Guaiacol peroxidase (GPX), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) are enzymes related to plant defense against pathogens. Wheat (Triticum aestivum) is one of the most important food crops in the world. Root diseases have considerable economic impacts on wheat production. Take-all disease (Gaeumannomyces tritici) is one of the most destructive root wheat diseases. Therefore, it is necessary to identify the defense reaction of wheat in response to take-all disease through the evaluation of defense enzymes.
Materials and Methods
Nine genotypes of bread wheat germplasm (resistant and susceptible to take-all disease) were selected and planted in the greenhouse under infection and control conditions. Plants were sampled at 0, 7, 14, and 21 days after inoculation, and activities of defense enzymes GPX, PPO, PAL, and phenol content were measured.
Results
Susceptible genotypes have a high level of total phenol content; resistant genotypes have a high level of PAL and GPX enzymes. Increasing all three enzymes simultaneously in resistance genotypes leads to increased vegetative growth and resistance to take-all.
Conclusion
In this study, peroxidase plays an important role in defense against Gaeumannomyces. GPX is the only factor associated with the induction of systemic resistance and hypersensitivity reactions. The changes of the GPX enzyme in resistant genotypes in response to infection follow a zig-zag pattern.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Resistance
  • Zig-zag pattern
  • Defense enzymes
  • Gaeumannomyces tritici

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مجله ژنتیک و به‌نژادی گیاهی
دوره 1، شماره 1
فروردین 1403
صفحه 1-26

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