اثرات اشعه گاما بر برخی صفات فیتوشیمیایی در خرفه در نسل M2

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد، گروه باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، واحد علوم تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران.

2 دانشیار، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شاهد، تهران.

3 استادیار، گروه شیمی و بیوشیمی، دانشگاه ویندزور، ویندزور، انتاریو، کانادا

4 دانش آموخته دکتری، گروه بیوتکنولوژی کشاورزی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه بین المللی امام خمینی (ره)، قزوین.

چکیده

هدف: خرفه (.Portulaca oleracea L) حاوی ترکیبات زیستی دارویی است که میزان این ترکیبات به ژنوتیپ و محیط رشد آن بستگی زیادی دارد. یکی از راه­‌های افزایش عملکرد این ترکیبات، استفاده از روش به‌نژادی توسط جهش مصنوعی مانند استفاده از اشعه گاما است. در این تحقیق اثرات اشعه گاما بر برخی صفات فیتوشیمیایی و میزان روغن دانه در نسل دوم (M2) خرفه بررسی شد.
مواد و روش‌ها: پس از تعیین دز مناسب اشعه گاما، بذور خرفه با دزهای ۰، ۲۰۰، ۳۰۰، ۴۰۰، و ۵۰۰ گری (GY) پرتوتابی شدند. بذور M2 به‌همراه بذور شاهد (بذور اشعه نتابیده) در سال دوم به‌­صورت بوته به ردیف در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه شاهد کشت شدند. صفاتی مانند میزان کلروفیل کل، مقدار کارتنوئید، میزان آنتوسیانین، ترکیبات فلاونوئیدی، فعالیت آنزیم‌­های پراکسیداز و کاتالاز در برگ و میزان روغن دانه اندازه‌گیری شدند.
نتایج: در تجزیه واریانس چندگانه تفاوت بین دزهای اشعه گاما برای صفات مورد مطالعه در سطح احتمال یک درصد معنی‌دار بود. نتایج تجزیه واریانس ساده نشان داد که تفاوت بین دزهای اشعه گاما برای همه صفات مورد مطالعه معنی‌­دار بودند. حداکثر میزان روغن، میزان کلروفیل و کاتالاز در دز ۴۰۰ گری مشاهده شد. دزهای اشعه گاما از نظر مقدار پراکسیداز، در سه گروه قرار گرفتند. حداکثر پراکسیداز که در دز ۲۰۰ گری برآورد شد، با دزهای ۳۰۰ و ۴۰۰ گری تفاوت معنی­‌دار نداشت. میزان روغن دانه با آنتوسیانین و فلاونویید همبستگی معنی­‌دار نشان داد. همبستگی پراکسیداز با بقیه صفات فیتوشیمیایی به استثنای کاتالاز معنی­‌دار نبود. در دز ۴۰۰ گری یک لاین بدست آمد که از نظر بیشتر صفات مورد مطالعه برتر از شاهد بود. مقدار روغن دانه در این لاین حدود 57 درصد از شاهد بیشتر بود.
نتیجه‌گیری: نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد که ماده جهش‌زای اشعه گاما می‌تواند برای ایجاد تنوع ژنتیکی در صفات فیتوشیمیایی خرفه مورد استفاده قرار گیرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

The effects of gamma rays on some phytochemical characteristics in purslane at M2 generation

نویسندگان [English]

  • Pegah Farhadi 1
  • Mohammad Hossein Fotokian 2
  • Maryam Pejmanmehar 3
  • Zahra Danaeipour 4
1 MSc Graduate, College of Agriculture, Science and Research branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
2 Associate Professor, College of Agriculture, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran.
3 Assistant Professor, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada.
4 PhD, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Objective
Purslane (Portulaca oleracea L), contains various medicinal compounds whose quantity is influenced by its genotype and growing conditions. One way to increase the performance of these compounds is by using an artificial mutation breeding method such as gamma rays. This study investigated the effects of gamma rays on some phytochemical traits and grain oil content in the second generation (M2) of purslane.
Materials and Methods
After determining the appropriate dosage and exploring the effects of gamma rays on purslane, the purslane grains were irradiated with gamma rays at doses of 0, 200, 300, 400, and 500 Gy. The M2 and control (non-irradiated) grains were cultivated in the second year as plants in rows in the College of Agriculture, Shahed University research farm. Characteristics such as total chlorophyll, carotenoid, anthocyanin, and flavonoid content, along with the activity of peroxidase and catalase enzymes in the leaves, and grain oil content were measured.
Results
The analysis of variance showed that the difference among the gamma-ray doses was significant for all the studied traits. The maximum oil content, chlorophyll content, and catalase activity were observed in the 400 Gy. The doses of gamma rays were divided into three groups in terms of peroxidase amount. The maximum peroxidase was obtained in the 200 Gy. This was not significantly different compared with the 300 and 400 Gy. Grain oil content significantly correlated with anthocyanin and flavonoids. The correlation of peroxidase with other phytochemical traits was not significant, except for catalase. At a dose of 400 Gy, one line was obtained, which was superior to the control in terms of most of the studied traits. The amount of grain oil in this line was about 57% more than the control.
Conclusion
The results of this research showed that the gamma-ray induced mutagenesis can be used to create genetic diversity in purslane phytochemical traits.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Flavonoid compounds
  • Genetic diversity
  • Grain oil
  • Medicinal plants
  • Mutation
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