مطالعه تاثیر تنش خشکی و قارچ های میکوریزا آربوسکولار بر برخی از ویژگی‌های مورفولوژیکی و فیزیولوژیکی گیاه ترخون (Artemisia dracunculus)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار، موسسه تحقیقات جنگل‌ها و مراتع کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران.

2 استادیار، بخش حفاظت خاک و آبخیزداری، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان کرمان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرمان، ایران.

3 استادیار، بخش جنگل و مرتع، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان کرمان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرمان، ایران.

4 دانشیار، گروه گیاهپزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ولیعصر، رفسنجان، ایران.

چکیده

هدف: یکی از عوامل محیطی محدود کننده در رشد و توسعه پوشش گیاهی در مناطق مختلف ایران، تنش خشکی است که می‌توان به‌منظور کاهش اثرات آن از روش‌های زراعی مناسب مانند استفاده از کودهای زیستی شامل قارچ‌های میکوریزا آربوسکولار بهره برد.
مواد و روش‌ها: به‌منظور بررسی تأثیر قارچ‌های میکوریزا آربوسکولار بر رشد و عملکرد گیاه ترخون (Artemisia dracunculus) در شرایط تنش خشکی، پژوهشی به‌صورت آزمایش فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی، انجام شد. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل تلقیح مخلوط دو گونه قارچ میکوریزا آربوسکولار Rhizophagus intraradices وRhizophagus irregularis و تیمار شاهد (بدون تلقیح قارچ میکوریزا) به‌عنوان فاکتور اول و همچنین تنش خشکی در سه سطح (آبیاری بر اساس ۳۰، 60 و  ۱۰۰ درصد ظرفیت زراعی) به‌عنوان فاکتور دوم بودند. در این آزمایش برخی صفات مورفولوژیکی (ارتفاع ساقه، سطح برگ، طول ریشه، وزن خشک برگ، ساقه و ریشه) و فیزیولوژیکی (محتوای نسبی آب و میزان کلروفیل) گیاه مورد بررسی قرار گرفت.
نتایج: نتایج حاصل نشان داد که خصوصیات رویشی با افزایش تنش خشکی به‌طور معنی‌داری در تیمارهایی که قارچ‌های میکوریزا آربوسکولار تلقیح نشده بود کاهش یافتند ولی تلقیح با قارچ میکوریزا به‌طور معنی‌داری باعث افزایش شاخص‌های رشد رویشی گیاه ترخون در شرایط تنش خشکی در مقایسه با گیاهان تلقیح نشده گردید. اثرات میکوریزا و تنش خشکی بر محتوای نسبی آب و میزان کلروفیل نیز معنی‌دار بود و با افزایش تنش خشکی محتوای نسبی آب و میزان کلروفیل کاهش یافت ولی تلقیح گیاه با قارچ میکوریزا موجب افزایش معنی‌دار محتوای نسبی آب و کلروفیل در گیاه ترخون نسبت به تیمار بدون قارچ شد. همچنین اثر تنش خشکی و اثر تلقیح با قارچ‌های میکوریزا بر محتوای فسفر و پتاسیم برگ‌ها معنی‌دار بود. تنش خشکی باعث افزایش میزان پتاسیم و کاهش میزان فسفر شد ولی اثر متقابل تنش خشکی و تلقیح با قارچ‌های میکوریزا بر محتوای فسفر و پتاسیم برگ‌ها معنی‌دار نشد.
نتیجه‌گیری: به‌طور کلی نتایج نشان داد که قارچ‌های میکوریزا آربوسکولار سبب افزایش مقاومت به تنش خشکی در گیاه ترخون می‌گردد و استفاده از آن‌ها برای پرورش گیاهان دارویی در سطح وسیع راهگشا است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Studying the effect of drought stress and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on some morphological and physiological traits of Artemisia dracunculus

نویسندگان [English]

  • Narges Hatami 1
  • Elham Mehrabi Gohari 2
  • Mansoreh Tashakorizadeh 3
  • Ebrahim sedaghati 4
1 Assistant Professor, Research Institute of Forest and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran.
2 Assistant Professor, Soil Conservation and Watershed Management, Kerman Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Kerman, Iran.
3 Assistant Professor, Forest and Rangeland Research Department, Kerman Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Kerman, Iran.
4 Associate Professor, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University, Rafsanjan, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Objective
One of the limiting environmental factors in the vegetation in different regions of Iran is water stress, which can be mitigated by suitable agricultural methods such as the use of biological fertilizers. 
Materials and Methods
The effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and drought stress on the growth of tarragon was investigated as a factorial experiment in the form of a completely randomized design. The tested treatments included a mixture of two species of mycorrhizal fungi, Rhizophagus irregularis and Rhizophagus intraradices, and drought stress at three levels. Some morphological and physiological traits of the plant were investigated.
Results
The results showed that vegetative characteristics decreased significantly with increasing dryness in treatments where mycorrhizal fungi were not inoculated. However, inoculation with mycorrhizal fungi significantly increased the vegetative growth indices of tarragon under drought stress conditions in comparison with non-inoculated plants. The effects of mycorrhiza and drought on the relative water content (RWC) and chlorophyll content were significant. With increasing drought stress, RWC and chlorophyll content decreased, but the inoculation of the fungi caused a significant increase in RWC and chlorophyll. The effect of drought stress and inoculation with fungi on the phosphorus and potassium content of leaves was significant, but the interaction effect of drought stress and inoculation with fungi on the phosphorus and potassium content was not significant.
Conclusion
The general conclusion of this research was that the use of mycorrhizal fungi increases resistance to drought stress in the plant, and leveraging the capability of AMF for the large-scale cultivation of medicinal plants is a breakthrough.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi
  • Drought stress
  • Growth indicators
  • Medicinal plants

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مجله ژنتیک و به‌نژادی گیاهی
دوره 1، شماره 1
فروردین 1403
صفحه 97-118

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